Coronavirus Research

”All of these three cases experienced mild illness and recovered soon after the treatment, with the nucleic acid of throat swab turning negative within 14, 11, and 7 days after diagnosis, respectively. However, after been discharged, all three cases were tested SARS-CoV-2 positive in the stool samples within 10 days, in spite of their remained negative nucleic acid in throat swab specimens.”

"... there is currently no statistical advantage to vaccination in the COVID-naive compared to natural immunity in the COVID-recovered."

"... we found that the viral load was substantially reduced for infections occurring 12–37 d after the first dose of vaccine."

"Overall, the results demonstrate that CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in convalescent COVID-19 subjects or COVID-19 mRNA vaccinees are not substantially affected by mutations found in the SARS-CoV-2 variants."

"we find that the viral load is reduced 4-fold for infections occurring 12-28 days after the first dose of vaccine"

"... approximately two thirds of the cases of severe Covid-19 in Israel during the study period occurred in persons who had received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine..."

“A total of 42 laboratory‐confirmed patients were enrolled, 8 (19.05%) of whom had gastrointestinal symptoms. A total of 28 (66.67%) patients tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in stool specimens, and this was not associated with the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the severity of illness. Among them, 18 (64.29%) patients remained positive for viral RNA in the feces after the pharyngeal swabs turned negative. The duration of viral shedding from the feces after negative conversion in pharyngeal swabs was 7 (6‐10) days, regardless of COVID‐19 severity.”

List of covid vaccine side affects

“… the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 being transmitted via feces or urine appears much lower due to the lower relative amounts of virus present in feces/urine.”

"We report SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness against infection (VE-I)... From February to October 2021, VE-I declined from 87.9% to 48.1%, and the decline was greatest for the Janssen vaccine resulting in a VE-I of 13.1%..."

"Reinfection was an uncommon event (absolute rate 0%-1.1%), with no study reporting an increase in the risk of reinfection over time."

“We obtained a total of 490 specimens (32.75% of the designated number of samples, 1,006 missing samples), including 88 throat swab samples (23.53%, 198 missing samples), 62 sputum samples (16.58%, 312 missing samples), 175 nasopharyngeal swab samples (46.79%, 199 missing samples), and 165 fecal samples (44.12%, 209 missing samples). Of these, 171 specimens tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by rRT-PCR, including 16 throat swab samples, 38 sputum samples, 89 nasopharyngeal swab samples, and 28 feces samples (Appendix Figure 1).”

“Among ten patients, five (50%) were asymptomatic and five (50%) showed mild symptoms of respiratory illness. The average age of asymptomatic children was younger than that of symptomatic children (p = 0.03). The decreases in white blood cell (WBC) (p = 0.03) and lymphocyte (p = 0.03) counts were more severe in symptomatic patients than those in asymptomatic patients. During the follow-up examination after discharge, seven out of ten patients contained SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA in their fecal specimens, despite all patients showed negative results in respiratory tract specimens.”

"A number of vitamins (A, B₆, B₁₂, folate, C, D and E) and trace elements (zinc, copper, selenium, iron) have been demonstrated to have key roles in supporting the human immune system and reducing risk of infections. Other essential nutrients including other vitamins and trace elements, amino acids and fatty acids are also important. Each of the nutrients named above has roles in supporting antibacterial and antiviral defence, but zinc and selenium seem to be particularly important for the latter."

"Viral genome sequencing has identified as many as 80 known and identified genotypic variants of SARS-CoV-2 with B.1.1.7 being the most common variant in the USA up to June 2021, when the B.1.617.2, Delta, variant rapidly took over... Given the limitations of current testing modalities and high false-negative rates... the lack of antibody and genomic testing from earlier in the pandemic to confirm a true reinfection... Additionally, immunocompromised patients must be assessed for the likelihood of reactivation as opposed to reinfection."

"Virus-specific B cells increased over time. People had more memory B cells six months after symptom onset than at one month afterwards. Although the number of these cells appeared to reach a plateau after a few months, levels didn’t decline over the period studied... Levels of T cells for the virus also remained high after infection. Six months after symptom onset, 92% of participants had CD4+ T cells that recognized the virus. These cells help coordinate the immune response. About half the participants had CD8+ T cells, which kill cells that are infected by the virus... As with antibodies, the numbers of different immune cell types varied substantially between individuals. Neither gender nor differences in disease severity could account for this variability. However, 95% of the people had at least 3 out of 5 immune-system components that could recognize SARS-CoV-2 up to 8 months after infection."